Nordic leaders have announced that they will examine evidence from a new television documentary that could shatter the official explanation of how 852 people died in a 1994 ferry sinking in the Baltic Sea. [2][3] It is one of the deadliest peacetime sinkings of a European ship, after the RMS Titanic (1912) and the RMS Empress of Ireland (1914), and the deadliest peacetime shipwreck to have occurred in European waters, with 852 lives lost. According to survivor accounts, the ship sank stern first after taking a list of 90 degrees. Limburg, Peter R. (2005), "Deep-Sea Detectives: Maritime Mysteries and Forensic Science". MS Estonia was a cruiseferry built in 1979/80 at the German shipyard Meyer Werft in Papenburg. At about 01:20, a quiet female voice called "Häire, häire, laeval on häire", Estonian for "Alarm, alarm, there is alarm on the ship", over the public address system, which was followed immediately by an internal alarm for the crew, then one minute later by the general lifeboat alarm. In January 1993, at the same time when EffJohn decided to merge Wasa Line's operations into Silja Line, Wasa King was sold to Nordström & Thulin for use on Estline's Tallinn–Stockholm traffic under the name Estonia. Wilson, Drew (2006), "The Hole: Another look at the sinking of the Estonia Ferry on September 28th 1994". [5][6] In 1986, a passenger was murdered on board. [10], The Estonia disaster occurred on Wednesday, 28 September 1994, between about 00:55 and 01:50 (UTC+2) as the ship was crossing the Baltic Sea, en route from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm, Sweden. Decks 2 and 3 were dedicated to the respective cargo. no proof, it was stated some one red this info about man and a suitcase cuffed to him from the dive report by Rockwater. A diver with nerves of steel enters the wreck of the Estonia ferry that sank in 1994 to gather evidence for the investigation into it's sinking. ... in part because of the cost and logistics of raising the vast number of bodies … [5][6], As the largest Estonian-owned ship of the time, the Estonia symbolized the independence that Estonia regained after the collapse of the Soviet Union. [JAIC 4] The official report indicated that the locks on the bow door had failed from the strain of the waves and the door had separated from the rest of the vessel, pulling the ramp behind it ajar. Sweden, Finland and Estonia to jointly assess new information on 1994 sinking of MS Estonia. The ship immediately took on a heavy starboard list (initially around 15 degrees, but by 01:30, the ship had rolled 60 degrees and by 01:50 the list was 90 degrees) as water flooded into the vehicle deck. No victims were found on the seabed surrounding the wreck or on the external areas of the wreck during the diving survey. A tragic accident, due to a combination of factors, including uneven loading of cargo, rough seas and ill advised behaviour (turning too fast) by the ship's captain. [JAIC 8], In 1999, special training requirements in crowd and crisis management and human behaviour were extended to crew on all passenger ships, and amendments were made to watch-keeping standards. The video: The dive investigation team infiltrating into passenger cabin room number 6129, deck 6 the MS Estonia. Sweden, Finland and Estonia to jointly assess new information on 1994 sinking of MS Estonia. New York: ASJA Press. Divers have found 125 bodies in the restaurants and bars, and about 600 are still in their cabins; whole families are buried down there. Cooperating with colleague Inge Pitsner, Einar Ellermaa has come out with «People of Estonia», a book looking back to Baltic Sea’s severest shipwreck in times of peace 20 years ago, and recounting the stories of those that were saved – as well as the pain of people who lost loved ones. SOLAS 90, which came into effect in 2010, specifies existing passenger ships' stability requirements and those in North West Europe must also be able to survive 50 centimetres (20 in) of water on the car deck. Recent explorations of the wreck site has found the "MS Estonia" lying on the side 240 feet down. Two bodies have subsequently been found in the area of the Gulf of Finland, one in the open sea and one on the shorelines of Estonia. Diving video 2 (bits of flesh seen floating around) Pictures: Screencaps of another simulation. Search and rescue followed arrangements set up under the 1979 International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (the SAR Convention), and the nearest Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre MRCC Turku coordinated the effort in accordance with Finland's plans. Her name was changed to Wasa King and she served on routes connecting Vaasa, Finland to Umeå and Sundsvall in Sweden. The investigation undertaken in 1997 concluded that heavy seas wrenched the bow doors open, which allowed seawater to gush into … Map showing where divers observed bodies. In total, 94 bodies were recovered: 93 within 33 days of the accident, the last victim was found 18 months later. Survey Report. One of the victims of the sinking was the Estonian singer Urmas Alender. In normal airplane investigations, every last bit of wreckage is collected. As a result, documentary director Henrik Evertsson and another crew member were arrested following their examination of the site last September, and face up to two years’ imprisonment in Sweden for violating the sanctity of the gravesite. ... A diving robot was lowered to the wreck and discovered a hole in the hull which was previously unknown. Numerous theories about the cause of the sinking have circulated for years, none of them proven as of yet. [32], In the aftermath of the disaster, many relatives of the deceased demanded that their loved ones be raised from international waters and given a land burial. In a joint statement on Monday, Estonian, Swedish and Finnish foreign ministers announced they would “assess the new information”. [2] By the time the rescue helicopters arrived, around a third of those who escaped from the Estonia had died of hypothermia, while fewer than half of those who had managed to leave the ship were eventually rescued. The accident claimed 852 lives. All EPIRBs were subsequently required to deploy automatically and the accident was "instrumental in the move to legislate Voyage Data Recorders". The radio operator on Silja Europa, chief mate Teijo Seppelin, replied in English: "Estonia, are you calling mayday?" An international agreement declared the wreck a grave site in 1995 and banned diving there. This is the worst disaster in the history of … [12][JAIC 2] Most of the passengers were Swedish, although some were of Estonian origin, while most of the crew members were Estonian. Life-raft from the MS Estonia. The ship M/S Estonia was en route from Tallinn to Stockholm when a storm ripped off the bow door. Boesten, E. (2006): The M/S Estonia Disaster and the Treatment of Human Remains. Only 137 people survived the disaster. [19] The first metallic bang was believed to have been the sound of the visor's lower locking mechanism failing, and subsequent noises were the visor 'flapping' against the hull as the other locks failed, before tearing free and exposing the bow ramp. He is entering Cabin 6129 on Deck 6. No victims were found on the seabed surrounding the wreck or on the external areas of the wreck during the diving survey. Estonia. The chief mate of the Viking Line cruiseferry Mariella tracked Estonia's speed by radar at approximately 14.2 knots (26.3 km/h; 16.3 mph) before the first signs of distress, while the Silja Europa's officers estimated her speed at 14 to 15 knots (26 to 28 km/h; 16 to 17 mph) at midnight. [9] Also in 1990 Effoa, Johnson Line and Rederi Ab Sally merged into EffJohn. CHAPTER 27 . At least twice, the Swedish Navy has discovered diving operations at the wreck. He is entering Cabin 6129 on Deck 6. Of the 989 on board, 138 were rescued, one of whom died later in hospital. [JAIC 2] The commission estimated that up to 310 passengers reached the outer decks, 160 of whom boarded the life-rafts or lifeboats.[17]. The Joint Accident Investigation Commission. The sinking of the MS Estonia was the largest maritime disaster to happen in the Baltic Seas during peacetime and the second-largest European maritime disaster in peacetime, with only the Titanic holding a higher death-toll. The wreck's location is monitored by radar by the Finnish Navy.[38]. [5], Originally the ship was conceived as a sister ship to Diana II, built in 1979 by the same shipyard for Rederi AB Slite, the third partner in Viking Line. This investigation found a 4-metre hole in the ship's hull. Survivors reported that water flowed down from ceiling panels, stairwells and along corridors from decks that were not yet under water. The bodies of these voyagers still lie within the vessel, completely decomposed, as the MS Estonia serves as an unorthodox crematorium.The disaster claimed 852 lives. [25], Alternative theories exist about the cause of the sinking. Sweden aims to allow probe into deadly 1994 Estonia ferry disaster It was the worst peacetime disaster at sea in European waters. A mayday call was released shortly after midnight, but when the rescue mission commenced, it was only possible to save 137 lives. From 1st to 4th December 1994 the wreck was examined by divers from Rockwater A/S Stavanger and by ROVs from Smit Tak, Rotterdam (parent company of Rockwater A/S) apparently contracted by the Swedish Sjöfarts-verket. The dive is not long after the sinking. The windows gave way to the powerful waves as the ship listed and the sea reached the upper decks. ): CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, List of accidents and disasters by death toll, "Estonia shipwreck investigator and nautical linguist Captain Uno Laur dies", "Simplon Postcards: Viking Sally – Wasa King – Silja Star – Estonia", "Final report on the MV ESTONIA disaster of 28 September 1994", "Estonia final report. Passenger facilities were located on decks 6, 5, 4, 1, while the crew members occupied the decks 9 and 7. The wreck lies in soft mud at a depth of between 60-80 meters. The head of the Estonian investigation stated publicly that he believes this new information points to a collision with a submarine and that the hole could not have happened post-sinking. [13] A mayday was communicated by the ship's crew at 01:22, but did not follow international formats. [JAIC 5] The bow visor and ramp had been torn off at points that would not trigger an "open" or "unlatched" warning on the bridge, as is the case in normal operation or failure of the latches. The area where the Estonia sank, near the island of Uto, was declared a sea grave, and exploration of the wreck was prohibited. Most died by drowning and hypothermia, as the water temperature was 10–11 °C/50–52 °F. [5][6][8] Viking Sally was chartered to Rederi AB Slite to continue on her current traffic for the next three years.[5][6][8]. Two bodies have subsequently been found in the area of the Gulf of Finland, one in the open sea and one on the shorelines of Estonia. In late 1987, Effoa and Johnson Line, the owners of Viking Line's main rivals Silja Line, bought Sally. 852 lives were lost. Survivors and relatives of those killed have fought for more than two decades for a fuller investigation, with some claiming that the opening of the bow visor would not have caused the vessel to sink as quickly as it did. The following spring Silja Star began her service with Wasa Line, another company owned by EffJohn. The former took survivors to shore, while the latter—Finnish border guard helicopters Super Puma OH-HVG and Agusta Bell 412 OH-HVD—chose the riskier option of landing on the ferries. Map showing where divers observed bodies (2) Highlight from official report regarding diver's discovery of victims: [34] The Estonia Agreement 1995, a treaty among Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Denmark, Russia and the United Kingdom, declared sanctity over the site, prohibiting their citizens from even approaching the wreck. Seven over 55 years of age survived and there were no survivors under age 12. About 650 people were still inside the ship when it sank. The area near the Finnish island of Utö was designated a sea grave, prohibiting further exploration of the wreckage. The bridge was also situated too far back on the ferry for the visor to be seen from there. When her charter ended in April 1990, Viking Sally had an unusual change of service. [13] At about 01:15, the visor separated and the ship's bow door opened. This is the worst disaster in the history of … Although Nordström & Thulin was the company which bought the ship, her registered owner was Estline Marine Co Ltd, Nicosia, Cyprus, which chartered the ship to E.Liini A/S, Tallinn, Estonia (daughter company of Nordström & Thulin and ESCO), which in turn chartered the ship to Estline AB. [15] Tammes was able to provide some details about their situation but, due to a loss of power, he could not give their position, which delayed rescue operations somewhat. THE DIVING INVESTIGATION 01.-04.12.94 . Instead of retrieving the bodies, the government of Sweden hired a Dutch marine salvage firm, Smit Tak BV, that specializes in neutralizing underwater nuclear waste, spending $350 million in a failed attempt to cover the ship in concrete. A thorough examination of the MS Estonia would have helped in construction of new ferries, where potential weaknesses would have been identified. In: Bierens, J.J.L.M. These include a collision with another vessel, either a military ship or a submarine, as well as theories that organised crime gangs were involved or that an explosion went off on the ship. The bow door of the Estonia is lifted from the sea in November 1994. investigators concluded the disaster was caused by the bow door of the ship being wrenched open in heavy seas. Just after midnight, in the first hour of September 28th, 1994, the passenger ferry MS Estonia sank in the Baltic Sea. The same effect caused the capsizing of MS Herald of Free Enterprise seven years earlier. Short video clips showing the outside of the sunken Estonia were released during the investigation, but most of the 80 hours of tape had been classified. The disaster had a major impact on ferry safety, leading to changes in safety regulations as well as in life-raft design,[18] much as the Titanic disaster did in 1912. A total of 852 people drowned when the passenger and car ferry sank in Finnish waters in the early hours of 28 September 1994 while en route from Tallinn to Stockholm, in Europe’s worst peacetime shipping disaster. [13] Estonia was turned to port and slowed before her four engines cut out completely.[13]. She was painted in Silja Line's colours, renamed Silja Star and placed on the same route that she had plied for Viking Line: Turku–Mariehamn–Stockholm. The ship was fully loaded, and was listing slightly to starboard because of poor cargo distribution.[13]. ... in part because of the cost and logistics of raising the vast number of bodies … Many bodies remain unrecovered in the wreck and exploratory diving was banned at the site under a 1995 agreement signed by the governments of Estonia, Finland and Sweden. [13] Over the next 10 minutes, similar noises were reported by passengers and other crew. The wreck was examined and videotaped by remotely operated underwater vehicles and by divers from a Norwegian company, Rockwater A/S, contracted for the investigation work. The MS Estonia was a ferry which sank in the Baltic Sea on 28 September 1994, while en route from Tallinn, Estonia, to Stockholm, Sweden, claiming over 850 lives. [24], New designs, the "citadel concept" once again influenced by Estonia, aim to ensure damaged ships have sufficient buoyancy to remain afloat, though cost will determine if any are built. Only 94 bodies were recovered of the 852 who lost their lives. The ship's 1994 sinking, in the Baltic Sea between Sweden, Åland, Finland and Estonia, was one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century. Many of the twentieth century's worst disasters occurred during wartime as a result of military action. All the countries were opposed to re-floating the MS Estonia, due to the costs and complex logistics involved with raising such a large vessel, not to mention the large number of bodies trapped in the hull. [29][30], On 28 September 2020 a Swedish documentary was released which used underwater equipment to film the wreck. MS Isabella saved 16 survivors with its rescue slide. The vessel's rapid list and the flooding prevented many people in the cabins from ascending to the boat deck, as water not only flooded the vessel via the car deck, but also through windows in cabins as well as the massive windows along deck 6. In total, 94 bodies were recovered: 93 within 33 days of the accident, the last victim was found 18 months later. The ship sank within an hour, taking the lives of 852 passengers and crew. However, Evertsson said it was “absolutely essential and journalistically important” to send a camera down to the wreck. The ship disappeared from the radar screens of other ships at around 01:50,[13] and sank at 59°23′N 21°42′E / 59.383°N 21.700°E / 59.383; 21.700 in international waters, about 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi) on bearing 157° from Utö island, Finland, to the depth of 74 to 85 metres (243 to 279 ft) of water. When Sally took over the construction contract, the ship was lengthened from the original length of approximately 137 metres (449 ft) to approximately 155 metres (509 ft) and the superstructure of the ship was largely redesigned. [28] The Swedish and Estonian governments subsequently launched separate investigations, which both confirmed that non-explosive military equipment was aboard the ship on 14 and 20 September 1994. [7] She was the largest ship to serve on that route at the time. Until now the countries involved, including Estonia, Sweden and Finland, have proven extremely reluctant to re-examine the causes of the disaster. The JAIC cited results from Germany's Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, which found that Jutta Rabe's samples did not prove an explosion occurred. 503)", "Chapter 13.5 – Failure sequence of bow visor and ramp", "Figure 3.4 Approximate field of vision from the bridge. She was carrying 989 people: 803 passengers and 186 crew. Plans of the decks 0 to 5, as the tank deck. The bodies of these voyagers still lie within the vessel, completely decomposed, as the MS Estonia serves as an unorthodox crematorium. Estonia previously sailed as Viking Sally (1980–1990), Silja Star (1990–1991), and Wasa King (1991–1993). As a result, the ship was actually registered in both Cyprus and Estonia. During this and several other dives by the same team, nearly 100 bodies were discovered in a fairly small section of the ship. [8] As a result of this, SF Line and Rederi AB Slite forced Sally to withdraw from Viking Line. The Case Estonia – A journalist searching for the truth. The makers of the Discovery Networks documentary Estonia: The Find That Changes Everything discovered the hole when they explored the wreckage with a remote-controlled submarine. Citing the practical difficulties and the moral implications of raising decaying bodies from the sea floor (the majority of the bodies were never recovered), and fearing the financial burden of lifting the entire hull to the surface an… Even an early offer by a Norwegian diving company to retrieve the bodies at cost was rejected. [26] Members of the Joint Accident Investigation Commission denied these claims, saying that the damage seen on the debris occurred during the visor's detachment from the vessel. The ro-ro MS Estonia sank on September 28, 1994 in the Baltic Sea in one of the worst maritime disasters of the 20th century. The sinking of the ferry vessel MS Estonia in the Baltic Sea is an accident that will haunt the maritime domain for long years and even beyond. (Chapter 3.2.7 – Bridge layout)", "Chapter 13.4 – Advance indications and alarms from the bow area", Investigation report on the capsizing on 28 September 1994 in the Baltic Sea of the Ro-Ro Passenger Vessel MV Estonia. Rederi Ab Sally had been experiencing financial difficulties for most of the 1980s. [2] By the time the rescue helicopters arrived, around a third of those who escaped from the Estonia had died of hypothermia, while fewer than half of those who had managed to leave the ship were eventually rescued. The M.S. Demands were also made that the entire ship be raised so that the cause of the disaster could be discovered by detailed inspection. “I believe the truth is something other than what people have been told until now,” survivor Carl Eric Reintamm told the programme. The sinking of the Estonia has been the subject of a number of documentaries in addition to the feature film Baltic Storm, including: It was also mentioned in the Swedish film Force Majeure.[2]. Only 137 people survived, and 94 bodies have been recovered. Diving video 1. [JAIC 1]. [4], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}59°23′0″N 21°40′0″E / 59.38333°N 21.66667°E / 59.38333; 21.66667, The ship was originally ordered from Meyer Werft by a Norwegian shipping company led by Parley Augustsen with intended traffic between Norway and Germany. The bodies of these voyagers still lie within the vessel, completely decomposed, as the MS Estonia serves as an unorthodox crematorium.The disaster claimed 852 lives. The construction of the ship's bow consisted of an upwards-opening visor and a car ramp that was placed inside the visor when it was closed. (Supplement No. (ed. In 1985 she was also rebuilt with a "duck tail". The pilot of OH-HVG stated that landing on the ferries was the most difficult part of the whole rescue operation; despite that, this single helicopter rescued 44 people, more than all the ferries. Caused by myriad reasons, this Baltic Sea accident was an event so unprecedented that the extent of the damages caused, both to life and to property, is still shocking even after almost 15 years since the disaster occurred. 852 people were cla… Still missing are 757 persons. [5], Meyer Werft had constructed a large number of ships for various Viking Line partner companies during the 1970s. Recommendations for modifications to be applied to similar ships included separation of the condition sensors from the latch and hinge mechanisms. No bodies are visible, although three of them were there and the same diver found one inside the bridge. Experts told the film-makers that only a massive external force would be strong enough to cause the rupture, raising many questions about what really happened that night. In 1987, another murder and attempted murder took place. [5][6] It has been reported that the Wasa King was widely considered to be the best behaving ship in rough weather to have sailed from Vaasa. In the aftermath of the disaster, many relatives of the deceased demanded that their loved ones be raised from international waters and given a land burial. After a decision not to salvage the wreck or the bodies of the victims, the governments of Sweden, Estonia and Finland signed a treaty in 1995, where they agreed to designate the site of the wreck a final resting place and make it illegal for its citizens to disturb the site by diving down to it. Summary of this report In this report the Independent Fact Group shows that there were an substantial amount of non official filming made from the wreck during 1996, this in spite of the Agreement and law that states that the MV Estonia and the (defined) surrounding area shall be regarded as a final place of rest for victims of the disaster, and such shall be afforded appropriate respect. [21] There were also general criticisms of the delays in sounding the alarm, the passivity of the crew, and the lack of guidance from the bridge. [31] Divers have found 125 bodies in the restaurants and bars, and about 600 are still in their cabins; whole families are buried down there. After that, the voice of third mate Andres Tammes took over on Estonia and the conversation shifted to Finnish. 2.1 The Distress Communication", HELCOM reports a noticeable drop in shipping accidents in the Baltic, Directorate-General for Transport and Energy (European Commission), "The Revised SOLAS Regulations for Ro-Ro Ferries", "Passenger information required on all passenger ships from 1 January 1999", Simplified Voyage Data Recorders -Why choose float free, Liferaft Systems Australia: Maib Interim Safety Recommendation on The Use of Vertical Chute Type Marine Evacuation Systems, "Death in the Baltic: the MI6 connection", "Finnish Estonia Commission members still reject explosion theories", "Utredningen om transport av försvarsmateriel på M/S Estonia", "Riigikogu Committee of Investigation to Ascertain the Circumstances Related to the Export of Military Equipment from the Territory of the Republic of Estonia on the Ferry Estonia in 1994 – Final Report", "Documentary: MS Estonia has a large hole in the hull", "Head of MS Estonia investigation: Estonia sank on collision with submarine", "Estonian tuho lietsoi salaliittoteorioita", "Justitieutskottets betänkande 1994/95: JuU23 Gravfrid över m/s Estonia", "Agreement between the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden regarding the M/S Estonia", "Sjöfartsverket höll tyst om stoppade Estonia-dykare", "Built From Disaster Season 1 Episode 2: Ships", "Chapter 5.4 – Meteorological conditions", "Condition Survey of the Vessel "Estonia" for the Swedish National Maritime Administration. 01:15, the Swedish Navy has discovered diving operations at the wreck the ferry. 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